Optimal probabilistic work extraction beyond the free energy difference

We experimentally realize protocols that allow to extract work beyond the free energy difference from a single electron transistor at the single thermodynamic trajectory level. With two carefully designed out-of-equilibrium driving cycles featuring kicks of the control parameter, we demonstrate work extraction up to large fractions of kBT or with probabilities greater than 1/2, despite zero free energy difference over the cycle. Our results are explained in the framework of nonequilibrium fluctuation relations. We thus show that irreversibility can be used as a resource for optimal work extraction even in the absence of feedback, unlike in a traditional Maxwell’s Demon.

Fabio Taddei (9038) - fabio.taddei@nano.cnr.it
Stefan Heun (9472) - stefan.heun@nano.cnr.it